Editorial: Conducting Evidence-based Research: Interventions and Observational Analytic Studies

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Parallelism in Teaching and Indoctrination

Teaching has a pedagogical content that is often carried out by instructors (teachers) who drill, inculcate and transmit certain body of “established” knowledge to pupils. This activity is mostly carried out at the expense of critical and reflective thinking on the part of the pupils whose ability for a free and unhindered reflection is often eroded. This paper attempts to show how indoctrination thrives on the wings of teaching; it will further show that indoctrination is at the heart of the bane of teaching as a noble profession and that both concepts are at variance with each other even though they seem to be sublimely connected

Double emulsion production in glass capillary microfluidic device: Parametric investigation of droplet generation behaviour

A three-phase axisymmetric numerical model based on Volume of Fluid–Continuum Surface Force (VOF–CSF) model was developed to perform parametric analysis of compound droplet production in three-phase glass capillary devices that combine co-flow and countercurrent flow focusing. The model predicted successfully generation of core–shell and multi-cored double emulsion droplets in dripping and jetting (narrowing and widening) regime and was used to investigate the effects of phase flow rates, fluid properties, and geometry on the size, morphology, and production rate of droplets. As the outer fluid flow rate increased, the size of compound droplets was reduced until a dripping-to-jetting transition occurred. By increasing the middle fluid flow rate, the size of compound droplets increased, which led to a widening jetting regime. The jetting was supressed by increasing the orifice size in the collection capillary or increasing the interfacial tension at the outer interface up to 0.06 N/m. The experimental and simulation results can be used to encapsulate CO2 solvents within gas-permeable microcapsules

Dynamics of double emulsion break-up in three phase glass capillary microfluidic devices

Pinch-off of a compound jet in 3D glass capillary microfluidic device, which combines co-flowing and countercurrent flow focusing geometries, was investigated using an incompressible three-phase axisymmetric Volume of Fluid–Continuum Surface Force (VOF–CSF) numerical model. The model showed good agreement with the experimental drop generation and was capable of predicting formation of core/shell droplets in dripping, narrowing jetting and widening jetting regimes. In dripping and widening jetting regimes, the presence of a vortex flow around the upstream end of the necking thread facilitates the jet break-up. No vortex flow was observed in narrowing jetting regime and pinch-off occurred due to higher velocity at the downstream end of the coaxial thread compared to that at the upstream end. In all regimes, the inner jet ruptured before the outer jet, preventing a leakage of the inner drop into the outer fluid. The necking region moves at the maximum speed in the narrowing jetting regime, due to the highest level of shear at the outer surface of the thread. However, in widening jetting regime, the neck travels the longest distance downstream before it breaks

A Critique of the Legal Framework for the National Industrial Court of Nigeria and its Impact on the Nigerian Worker

Employment is synonimous with earning a livelihood, and earning a livelihood gives hope to  the living. Right to employment therefore could be said to as fundamental as living. A life without employment may be  likened to existing, as opposed to living. This explains why issues of labour and employment is taken by man as a matter of self preservation. The Nigerian Court system does  not lay  emphasy on specialised  courts. The High Courts, and   other courts exercise jurisdiction on almost all matters generally. This has resulted in unwaranted pressure on the regular court, such that cases remain on the cause lists for several years,  potentially  defeating the  aim of justice, as  justice  delayed  is  justice  denied.  Also,  the  level of  industrial harmony in  any nation  directly affect the economic  development in such state. All of these  impelled the  establishment  of an industrial court in Nigeria as the first specialised court in the country. Upon the establishment of the  National Industrial Court of Nigeria,  a number of matters have arrisen. The thrust of  this  paper is  to address  these issues while assessing  the extent to which the  court has impacted on the working class. Keywords: National Industrial Court, Industrial, Employment, Labour, Jurisdiction, Arbitration, Conciliation, Trade Dispute, Collective Agreement

Keratin-Chitosan Microcapsules via Membrane Emulsification and Interfacial Complexation

[Image: see text] The continuous fabrication via membrane emulsification of stable microcapsules using renewable, biodegradable biopolymer wall materials keratin and chitosan is reported here for the first time. Microcapsule formation was based on opposite charge interactions between keratin and chitosan, which formed polyelectrolyte complexes when solutions were mixed at pH 5.5. Interfacial complexation was induced by transfer of keratin-stabilized primary emulsion droplets to chitosan solution, where the deposition of chitosan around droplets formed a core–shell structure. Capsule formation was demonstrated both in batch and continuous systems, with the latter showing a productivity up to 4.5 million capsules per minute. Keratin–chitosan microcapsules (in the 30–120 μm range) released less encapsulated nile red than the keratin-only emulsion, whereas microcapsules cross-linked with glutaraldehyde were stable for at least 6 months, and a greater amount of cross-linker was associated with enhanced dye release under the application of force due to increased shell brittleness. In light of recent bans involving microplastics in cosmetics, applications may be found in skin-pH formulas for the protection of oils or oil-soluble compounds, with a possible mechanical rupture release mechanism (e.g., rubbing on skin)

Class and Classless Communism: A Moral Critique

In an attempt to place society on a sound moral foundation, Plato advocated class communism. Marx in an effort to put to rest the injustice, inadequacies and inequalities engendered by class distinction among men, postulated a classless communism. Although the practicability of communism has made many to dismiss it as utopian, this paper undertook to re-examine the implications of these two types of communism from a moral perspective. It concludes that whether class or classless communism, a significant moral injustice is inescapable in an attempt to implement either of them in the community of men. Keywords: Communism, Theory, Practice, Class, Classless, Society, Abstraction